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In medicine, the Ottawa ankle rules are a set of guidelines for clinicians to help decide if a patient with foot or ankle pain should be offered X-rays to diagnose a possible bone fracture. Before the introduction of the rules most patients with ankle injuries would have been imaged. However the vast majority of patients with unclear ankle injuries do not have bony fractures. As a result many unnecessary X-rays were taken, which was costly, time consuming and a slight health risk due to radiation exposure. ==The Ottawa ankle rules== Ankle X-ray is only required if there is any pain in the malleolar zone and any one of the following: * Bone tenderness along the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the tibia or tip of the medial malleolus, OR * Bone tenderness along the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the fibula or tip of the lateral malleolus, OR * An inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department for four steps. Additionally, the Ottawa foot rules indicate whether a foot X-ray series is required. It states that it is indicated if there is any pain in the midfoot zone and any one of the following: * Bone tenderness at the base of the fifth metatarsal (for foot injuries), OR * Bone tenderness at the navicular bone (for foot injuries), OR * An inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department for four steps. Certain groups are excluded, in particular pregnant women, and those with diminished ability to follow the test (for example due to head injury or intoxication). Several studies strongly support the use of the Ottawa Ankle Rules in children over 6 (98.5% sensitivity); however, their usefulness in younger children has not yet been thoroughly examined. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ottawa ankle rules」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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